3D Image Orientation

This script illustrates the estimation of orientation angles using a synchronization matrix and the voting method, based on simulated data projected from a 3D cryo-EM map.

import os

import numpy as np

from aspire.abinitio import CLSyncVoting
from aspire.operators import RadialCTFFilter
from aspire.source import OrientedSource, Simulation
from aspire.utils import mean_aligned_angular_distance
from aspire.volume import Volume

file_path = os.path.join(
    os.path.dirname(os.getcwd()), "data", "clean70SRibosome_vol_65p.mrc"
)

print(
    "This script illustrates orientation estimation using "
    "synchronization matrix and voting method"
)

This script illustrates orientation estimation using synchronization matrix and voting method

Initialize Simulation Object and CTF Filters

# Define a precision for this experiment
dtype = np.float32

# Set the sizes of images
img_size = 33

# Set the total number of images generated from the 3D map
num_imgs = 128

# Specify the CTF parameters not used for this example
# but necessary for initializing the simulation object
voltage = 200  # Voltage (in KV)
defocus_min = 1.5e4  # Minimum defocus value (in angstroms)
defocus_max = 2.5e4  # Maximum defocus value (in angstroms)
defocus_ct = 7  # Number of defocus groups.
Cs = 2.0  # Spherical aberration
alpha = 0.1  # Amplitude contrast

print("Initialize simulation object and CTF filters.")
# Create CTF filters
filters = [
    RadialCTFFilter(voltage, defocus=d, Cs=2.0, alpha=0.1)
    for d in np.linspace(defocus_min, defocus_max, defocus_ct)
]

Initialize simulation object and CTF filters.

Downsampling

# Load the map file of a 70S Ribosome and downsample the 3D map to desired resolution.
# The downsampling can be done by the internal function of Volume object.
print(
    f"Load 3D map and downsample 3D map to desired grids "
    f"of {img_size} x {img_size} x {img_size}."
)
vols = Volume.load(file_path, dtype=dtype)
vols = vols.downsample(img_size)

Load 3D map and downsample 3D map to desired grids of 33 x 33 x 33.

Create Simulation Object and Obtain True Rotation Angles

# Create a simulation object with specified filters and the downsampled 3D map
print("Use downsampled map to creat simulation object.")
sim = Simulation(
    L=img_size, n=num_imgs, vols=vols, unique_filters=filters, pixel_size=5, dtype=dtype
)

print("Get true rotation angles generated randomly by the simulation object.")
rots_true = sim.rotations

Use downsampled map to creat simulation object.
Get true rotation angles generated randomly by the simulation object.

Estimate Orientation

# Initialize an orientation estimation object and create an
# ``OrientedSource`` object to perform viewing angle and image offset
# estimation. Here, because of the small image size of the
# ``Simulation``, we customize the ``CLSyncVoting`` method to use
# fewer theta values when searching for common-lines between pairs of
# images. Additionally, since we are processing images with no noise,
# we opt not to use a ``fuzzy_mask``, an option that improves
# common-line detection in higher noise regimes.
print(
    "Estimate rotation angles and offsets using synchronization matrix and voting method."
)
orient_est = CLSyncVoting(sim, n_theta=36, mask=False)
oriented_src = OrientedSource(sim, orient_est)
rots_est = oriented_src.rotations

Estimate rotation angles and offsets using synchronization matrix and voting method.

Searching over common line pairs:   0%|          | 0/8128 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
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LSQR            Least-squares solution of  Ax = b
The matrix A has 8128 rows and 256 columns
damp = 0.00000000000000e+00   calc_var =        0
atol = 1.00e-08                 conlim = 1.00e+08
btol = 1.00e-08               iter_lim =      100

   Itn      x[0]       r1norm     r2norm   Compatible    LS      Norm A   Cond A
     0  0.00000e+00   2.324e+02  2.324e+02    1.0e+00  2.8e-02
     1 -2.05251e+00   1.351e+02  1.351e+02    5.8e-01  1.9e-01   8.1e+00  1.0e+00
     2 -2.09437e+00   1.328e+02  1.328e+02    5.7e-01  2.4e-02   1.2e+01  2.0e+00
     3 -2.08312e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  3.2e-03   1.4e+01  3.1e+00
     4 -2.07537e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  8.4e-04   1.7e+01  4.1e+00
     5 -2.07787e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  1.3e-03   1.7e+01  6.0e+00
     6 -2.02640e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  4.3e-03   1.9e+01  1.9e+01
     7 -1.75157e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  4.0e-03   2.0e+01  4.7e+01
     8 -1.68318e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  7.8e-04   2.2e+01  5.5e+01
     9 -1.68332e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  1.5e-04   2.4e+01  6.0e+01
    10 -1.68338e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  3.9e-05   2.5e+01  6.3e+01
    21 -1.67857e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  5.1e-08   3.5e+01  1.5e+02
    22 -1.67856e+00   1.327e+02  1.327e+02    5.7e-01  6.7e-09   3.6e+01  1.6e+02

LSQR finished
The least-squares solution is good enough, given atol

istop =       2   r1norm = 1.3e+02   anorm = 3.6e+01   arnorm = 3.2e-05
itn   =      22   r2norm = 1.3e+02   acond = 1.6e+02   xnorm  = 2.6e+01

Mean Angular Distance

# ``mean_aligned_angular_distance`` will perform global alignment of the estimated rotations
# to the ground truth and find the mean angular distance between them (in degrees).
mean_ang_dist = mean_aligned_angular_distance(rots_est, rots_true)
print(
    f"Mean angular distance between estimates and ground truth: {mean_ang_dist} degrees"
)

# Basic Check
assert mean_ang_dist < 10

Mean angular distance between estimates and ground truth: 8.62316608428955 degrees

Offsets Estimation

# The ground truth offsets from the simulation can be compared to
# those estimated by the commonlines method above.

# Calculate Estimation error in pixels for each image.
offs_diff = np.sqrt(np.sum((oriented_src.offsets - sim.offsets) ** 2, axis=1))

# Calculate the mean error in pixels across all images.
offs_err = offs_diff.mean()
print(f"Mean offset error in pixels {offs_err}, approx {offs_err/img_size*100:.1f}%")

Mean offset error in pixels 1.0037692055750078, approx 3.0%